Glycine betaine aldehyde

Glycine betaine aldehyde
IUPAC name

N,N,N-trimethyl-2-oxoethanaminium
Other names

Betaine aldehyde
Identifiers
CAS number 7418-61-3
PubChem 249
ChemSpider 244
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C5H12NO
Molar mass 102.15 g mol−1
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Glycine betaine aldehyde, often simply called betaine aldehyde,[1] is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. The human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) stimulates the transformation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine. Betaine aldehyde is a substrate for choline dehydrogenase (mitochondrial).[2]

Chemical structure

Glycine betaine aldehyde is a short chain aldehyde and quaternary ammonium compound. It can be considered a derivative of the amino acid glycine. The chemical formula of is C5H12NO+.

Biological function

Glycine betaine aldehyde is a component of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It also serves as an osmolyte.

It can be found in cytoplasm and mitochondria within the kidney, neurons, and stratum corneum.[3]

References

  1. ^ Betaine aldehyde, Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank
  2. ^ Yilmaz JL, Bülow L. (December 2002). "Enhanced stress tolerance in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana tabacum expressing a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase/choline dehydrogenase fusion protein.". Biotechnol Prog. 18 (6): 1176–82. PMID 12467448. 
  3. ^ Metabocard for Dimethylglycine, Human Metabolome Database